Surveys in the 2020s, notably the CMB-S4 program and Athena, will reveal galaxyclusters at high redshifts, all the way back to zvirgul3, when they first formed.Unveiling the properties (density, temperature, entropy, metallicity) andevolution of the intracluster medium and the galaxy-halo connection in theseearly-forming systems will be among the primary science goals of both Athena andany Chandra successor. While many of the most exciting questions about theinitial formation of galaxy clusters must wait for next-generation X-raymissions, we can lay an important foundation now by extending studies ofstatistical cluster samples into the z>1 regime.
Instrument
EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage
2020-05-01T18:55:00Z/2020-11-21T21:56:54Z
Version
18.02_20200221_1200
Mission Description
The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
European Space Agency, Dr Adam Mantz, 2021, 'Studying the Progenitors of Our Favorite Clusters at z>1', 18.02_20200221_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.57780/esa-axdu4mw
