Massive stars lose mass throughout their evolution - fast winds during the mainsequence (MS) and Wolf-Rayet (WR) phases, and slow winds during the redsupergiant or luminous blue variable phase. Fast winds from single stars canblow MS interstellar bubbles and WR circumstellar bubbles. Whereas the diffuseX-ray emission from shocked stellar winds has been detected in WR bubbles, MSbubbles have never been detected. We request XMM-Newton EPIC observation of theBubble Nebula, the bubble around BD+60 2522 in NGC7635, to search for diffuseX-ray emission and to assess the origin of the X-ray emission detected by ROSATat the central star and the intriguing Northern radio arc unveiled by VLAobservations. The observations will be assessed using our radiation-hydrodynamic models.
Instrument
EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage
2015-06-18T20:14:05Z/2015-06-19T14:30:45Z
Version
17.56_20190403_1200
Mission Description
The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
European Space Agency, Dr M.A. Guerrero, 2016, 'The Bubble Nebula: a key test to wind-blown bubble theory', 17.56_20190403_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-sxsbvmi
