A dataset provided by the European Space Agency

Name: Enrichment and cooling in the Centaurus cluster
Published: 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Proposal ID	040620
Title	Enrichment and cooling in the Centaurus cluster
Download Data Associated to the proposal	https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0406200101 https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0406200201
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-o2dylmk
Principal Investigator, PI	Dr Jeremy Sanders
Abstract	We propose a deep 140ks observation of the Centaurus cluster, one of thebrightest clusters. It presents an ideal opportunity to study the physics ofenrichment in great detail, given its very high metallicity, its proximity, itscool temperature, and luminosity. Our Chandra results show that there is thesame ratio of Type Ia to II SN abundances over the inner 60kpc, which is ofgreat importance to understanding cluster enrichment. We will investigate indetail whether this is replicated in the outer regions, and relate this toenrichment mechanisms. The observation is very well matched to XMM. We willstudy the merger between the two subgroups. The cluster also shows a very widerange in temperature, making it ideal to limit the amount cooling out of the X-ray band.
Publications	HIFLUGCS: Galaxy cluster scaling relations between X-ray luminosity, gas mass, cluster radius, and velocity dispersion \|Zhang, Y.-Y., Andernach, H., et al. \| A&A \| 526-105 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...526A.105Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...526A.105Z Radial profiles of Fe abundance in the intracluster medium of nearby clusters observed with XMM-Newton \|Matsushita, K., \| A&A \| 527-134 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...527A.134M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...527A.134M The Swift Burst Alert Telescope Perspective on Non-thermal Emission in HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters \|Wik, Daniel R., Sarazin, Craig L., et al. \| ApJ \| 748-67 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJ...748...67W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJ...748...67W Inhomogeneous metal distribution in the intracluster medium \|Lovisari, L., Schindler, S., \| A&A \| 528-60 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...528A..60L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...528A..60L Constraints on turbulent velocity broadening for a sample of clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies using XMM-Newton \|Sanders, J. S., Fabian, A. C., \| MNRAS \| 410-1797 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.410.1797S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.410.1797S Revealing O VII from stacked X-ray grating spectra of clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies \|Sanders, J. S., Fabian, A. C., \| MNRAS \| 412-35 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.412L..35S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.412L..35S An All-Sky Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations \|Flesch, E., \| PASA \| 27-283 \| 2010 \| 2010PASA...27..283F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010PASA...27..283F Cool X-ray emitting gas in the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies \|Sanders, J. S., Fabian, A. C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 385-1186 \| 2008 \| 2008MNRAS.385.1186S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2008MNRAS.385.1186S Detection of X-ray galaxy clusters based on the Kolmogorov method \|Gurzadyan, V. G., Durret, F., et al. \| EL \| 95-69001 \| 2011 \| 2011EL.....9569001G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011EL.....9569001G Exospheric solar wind charge exchange as seen by XMM-Newton \|Carter, J. A., Semba, S., \| AN \| 333-313 \| 2012 \| 2012AN....333..313C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012AN....333..313C The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys - II. Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive \|Clerc, N., Sadibekova, T., et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-3561 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.3561C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.3561C Classification of X-Ray Sources in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog \|Lin, Dacheng, Webb, Natalie A., \| ApJ \| 756-27 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJ...756...27L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJ...756...27L A systematic cross-search for radio/infrared counterparts of XMM- Newton sources \|Combi, J. A., Albacete Colombo, J. F., et al. \| Ap&SS \| 331-53 \| 2011 \| 2011Ap&SS.331...53C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Ap&SS.331...53C Characterization of Intracluster Medium Temperature Distributions of 62 Galaxy Clusters with XMM-Newton \|Frank, K. A., Peterson, J. R., et al. \| ApJ \| 764-46 \| 2013 \| 2013ApJ...764...46F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013ApJ...764...46F Velocity width measurements of the coolest X-ray emitting material in the cores of clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies \|Sanders, J. S., Fabian, A. C., \| MNRAS \| 429-2727 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.429.2727S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.429.2727S Cross-calibration of Suzaku/XIS and XMM-Newton/EPIC using galaxy clusters \|Kettula, K., Nevalainen, J., \| A&A \| 552-47 \| 2013 \| 2013A&A...552A..47K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013A&A...552A..47K A Good Mass Proxy for Galaxy Clusters with XMM-Newton \|Zhao, Hai-Hui, Jia, Shu-Mei, et al. \| ApJ \| 778-124 \| 2013 \| 2013ApJ...778..124Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013ApJ...778..124Z An XMM-Newton view of the merging activity in the Centaurus cluster \|Walker, S. A., Fabian, A. C., \| MNRAS \| 435-3221 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.435.3221W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.435.3221W Detection of an Unidentified Emission Line in the Stacked X-Ray Spectrum of Galaxy Clusters \|Bulbul, Esra, Markevitch, Maxim, et al. \| ApJ \| 789-13 \| 2014 \| 2014ApJ...789...13B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014ApJ...789...13B The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation \|Shen, Yue, Ho, Luis C., \| Natur \| 513-210 \| 2014 \| 2014Natur.513..210S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Natur.513..210S Serendipitous UV source catalogues for 10 years of XMM and 5 years of Swift \|Yershov, V. N., \| Ap&SS \| 354-97 \| 2014 \| 2014Ap&SS.354...97Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Ap&SS.354...97Y XMM-Newton and Chandra cross-calibration using HIFLUGCS galaxy clusters . Systematic temperature differences and cosmological impact \|Schellenberger, G., Reiprich, T. H., et al. \| A&A \| 575-30 \| 2015 \| 2015A&A...575A..30S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015A&A...575A..30S Chemical Enrichment RGS cluster Sample (CHEERS): Constraints on turbulence \|Pinto, Ciro, Sanders, Jeremy S., et al. \| A&A \| 575-38 \| 2015 \| 2015A&A...575A..38P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015A&A...575A..38P Observational Evidence of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback \|Fabian, A. C., \| ARA&A \| 50-455 \| 2012 \| 2012ARA&A..50..455F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ARA&A..50..455F X-ray analysis of filaments in galaxy clusters \|Walker, S. A., Kosec, P., et al. \| MNRAS \| 453-2480 \| 2015 \| 2015MNRAS.453.2480W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015MNRAS.453.2480W Where do the 3.5 keV photons come from? A morphological study of the Galactic Center and of Perseus \|Carlson, Eric, Jeltema, Tesla, \| JCAP \| 2-9 \| 2015 \| 2015JCAP...02..009C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015JCAP...02..009C A novel scenario for the possible X-ray line feature at virgul3.5 keV. Charge exchange with bare sulfur ions \|Gu, L., Kaastra, J., et al. \| A&A \| 584-11 \| 2015 \| 2015A&A...584L..11G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015A&A...584L..11G Search for gas bulk motions in eight nearby clusters of galaxies with Suzaku \|Ota, Naomi, Yoshida, Hiroko, \| PASJ \| 68-19 \| 2016 \| 2016PASJ...68S..19O \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016PASJ...68S..19O Origin of central abundances in the hot intra-cluster medium. I. Individual and average abundance ratios from XMM-Newton EPIC \|Mernier, F., de Plaa, J., et al. \| A&A \| 592-157 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...592A.157M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...592A.157M HST imaging of the dusty filaments and nucleus swirl in NGC4696 at the centre of the Centaurus Cluster \|Fabian, A. C., Walker, S. A., et al. \| MNRAS \| 461-922 \| 2016 \| 2016MNRAS.461..922F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.461..922F SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV \|Clerc, N., Merloni, A., et al. \| MNRAS \| 463-4490 \| 2016 \| 2016MNRAS.463.4490C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.463.4490C The Million Optical - Radio/X-ray Associations (MORX) Catalogue \|Flesch, Eric W., \| PASA \| 33-52 \| 2016 \| 2016PASA...33...52F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016PASA...33...52F Origin of central abundances in the hot intra-cluster medium. II. Chemical enrichment and supernova yield models \|Mernier, F., de Plaa, J., et al. \| A&A \| 595-126 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...595A.126M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...595A.126M HIFLUGCS: X-ray luminosity-dynamical mass relation and its implications for mass calibrations with the SPIDERS and 4MOST surveys \|Zhang, Yu-Ying, Reiprich, Thomas H., et al. \| A&A \| 599-138 \| 2017 \| 2017A&A...599A.138Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017A&A...599A.138Z HICOSMO - cosmology with a complete sample of galaxy clusters - I. Data analysis, sample selection and luminosity-mass scaling relation \|Schellenberger, G., Reiprich, T. H., \| MNRAS \| 469-3738 \| 2017 \| 2017MNRAS.469.3738S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017MNRAS.469.3738S HICOSMO: cosmology with a complete sample of galaxy clusters - II. Cosmological results \|Schellenberger, G., Reiprich, T. H., \| MNRAS \| 471-1370 \| 2017 \| 2017MNRAS.471.1370S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017MNRAS.471.1370S Improved measurements of turbulence in the hot gaseous atmospheres of nearby giant elliptical galaxies \|Ogorzalek, A., Zhuravleva, I., et al. \| MNRAS \| 472-1659 \| 2017 \| 2017MNRAS.472.1659O \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017MNRAS.472.1659O CHEERS: The chemical evolution RGS sample \|de Plaa, J., Kaastra, J. S., et al. \| A&A \| 607-98 \| 2017 \| 2017A&A...607A..98D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017A&A...607A..98D Solar abundance ratios of the iron-peak elements in the Perseus cluster \|Hitomi Collaboration, Aharonian, Felix, et al. \| Natur \| 551-478 \| 2017 \| 2017Natur.551..478H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017Natur.551..478H X-Ray Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation at the keV Scale \|Brdar, Vedran, Kopp, Joachim, et al. \| PhRvL \| 120-61301 \| 2018 \| 2018PhRvL.120f1301B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018PhRvL.120f1301B WIMP dark matter candidates and searches---current status and future prospects \|Roszkowski, Leszek, Sessolo, Enrico Maria, \| RPPh \| 81-66201 \| 2018 \| 2018RPPh...81f6201R \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018RPPh...81f6201R Resonantly Produced 7A keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Models and the Properties of Milky Way Satellites \|Abazajian, Kevork N., \| PhRvL \| 112-161303 \| 2014 \| 2014PhRvL.112p1303A \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014PhRvL.112p1303A Mass-invariance of the iron enrichment in the hot haloes of massive ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies \|Mernier, F., de Plaa, J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 478-116 \| 2018 \| 2018MNRAS.478L.116M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018MNRAS.478L.116M Solar chemical composition in the hot gas of cool-core ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies \|Mernier, F., Werner, N., et al. \| MNRAS \| 480-95 \| 2018 \| 2018MNRAS.480L..95M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018MNRAS.480L..95M Enrichment of the Hot Intracluster Medium: Observations \|Mernier, F., Biffi, V., et al. \| SSRv \| 214-129 \| 2018 \| 2018SSRv..214..129M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018SSRv..214..129M Nitrogen abundance in the X-ray halos of clusters and groups of galaxies \|Mao, Junjie, de Plaa, Jelle, et al. \| A&A \| 621-9 \| 2019 \| 2019A&A...621A...9M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019A&A...621A...9M Discovery of Dying Active Galactic Nucleus in Arp 187: Experience of Drastic Luminosity Decline within 104 yr \|Ichikawa, Kohei, Ueda, Junko, et al. \| ApJ \| 870-65 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJ...870...65I \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJ...870...65I Laboratory Measurements of X-Ray Emission from Highly Charged Argon Ions \|Bulbul, Esra, Foster, Adam, et al. \| ApJ \| 870-21 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJ...870...21B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJ...870...21B The Galaxy Cluster Mass Scale and Its Impact on Cosmological Constraints from the Cluster Population \|Pratt, G. W., Arnaud, M., et al. \| SSRv \| 215-25 \| 2019 \| 2019SSRv..215...25P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019SSRv..215...25P Possible depletion of metals into dust grains in the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies \|Lakhchaura, K., Mernier, F., \| A&A \| 623-17 \| 2019 \| 2019A&A...623A..17L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019A&A...623A..17L Searching for cool and cooling X-ray emitting gas in 45 galaxy clusters and groups \|Liu, Haonan, Pinto, Ciro, et al. \| MNRAS \| 485-1757 \| 2019 \| 2019MNRAS.485.1757L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019MNRAS.485.1757L Astrophysical plasma modeling of the hot Universe: Advances and challenges in high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy \|Mao, Junjie, \| PhDT \| 0-123 \| 2018 \| 2018PhDT.......123M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018PhDT.......123M The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps \|Iodice, E., Sarzi, M., et al. \| A&A \| 627-136 \| 2019 \| 2019A&A...627A.136I \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019A&A...627A.136I X-ray spectra of the Fe-L complex \|Gu, Liyi, Raassen, A. J. J., et al. \| A&A \| 627-51 \| 2019 \| 2019A&A...627A..51G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019A&A...627A..51G The Y SZ,Planck - Y SZ,XMM scaling relation and its difference between cool-core and non-cool-core clusters \|Zhu, Yue, Wang, Yuan-Hao, et al. \| RAA \| 19-104 \| 2019 \| 2019RAA....19..104Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019RAA....19..104Z X-ray properties of the X-CLASS-redMaPPer galaxy cluster sample: the luminosity-temperature relation \|Molham, Mona, Clerc, Nicolas, et al. \| MNRAS \| 494-161 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.494..161M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.494..161M Multiwavelength classification of X-ray selected galaxy cluster candidates using convolutional neural networks \|Kosiba, Matej, Lieu, Maggie, et al. \| MNRAS \| 496-4141 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.496.4141K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.496.4141K The inner gas mass-temperature profile in the core of nearby galaxy clusters \|Liu, Haonan, Fabian, Andrew C., \| MNRAS \| 497-1256 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.497.1256L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.497.1256L SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release \|Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 497-3976 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.497.3976C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.497.3976C Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relation in HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters \|Tian, Yong, Yu, Po-Chieh, et al. \| ApJ \| 910-56 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJ...910...56T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJ...910...56T Metastable conformal dark matter \|Brax, Philippe, Kaneta, Kunio, et al. \| PhRvD \| 103-115016 \| 2021 \| 2021PhRvD.103k5016B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021PhRvD.103k5016B The Metal Content of the Hot Atmospheres of Galaxy Groups \|Gastaldello, Fabio, Simionescu, Aurora, et al. \| Univ \| 7-208 \| 2021 \| 2021Univ....7..208G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021Univ....7..208G A Search for the 3.5 keV Line from the Milky Way.s Dark Matter Halo with HaloSat \|Silich, E. M., Jahoda, K., et al. \| ApJ \| 916-2 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJ...916....2S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJ...916....2S Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning \|Zhang, Yanxia, Zhao, Yongheng, \| MNRAS \| 503-5263 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.503.5263Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.503.5263Z High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical plasmas with X-ray microcalorimeters \|Ezoe, Yuichiro, Ohashi, Takaya, \| RvMPP \| 5-4 \| 2021 \| 2021RvMPP...5....4E \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021RvMPP...5....4E The velocity structure of the intracluster medium of the Centaurus cluster \|Gatuzz, Efrain, Sanders, J. S., et al. \| MNRAS \| 513-1932 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.513.1932G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.513.1932G Chemical enrichment in the cool core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies \|Fukushima, Kotaro, Kobayashi, Shogo B., \| MNRAS \| 514-4222 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.514.4222F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.514.4222F Hidden cooling flows in clusters of galaxies \|Fabian, A. C., Ferland, G. J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 515-3336 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.515.3336F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.515.3336F A systematic comparison of galaxy cluster temperatures measured with NuSTAR and Chandra \|Wallbank, A. N., Maughan, B. J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 517-5594 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.517.5594W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.517.5594W Was There a 3.5 keV Line? \|Dessert, Christopher, Foster, Joshua W., et al. \| ApJ \| 964-185 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...964..185D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...964..185D Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-L101305 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j1305L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j1305L Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-103028 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j3028L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j3028L Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints \|De la Torre Luque, Pedro, Balaji, Shyam, \| ApJ \| 968-46 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...968...46D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...968...46D
Instrument	EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage	2006-07-24T08:07:48Z/2006-07-25T19:37:14Z
Version	17.56_20190403_1200
Mission Description	The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
Creator Contact	https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xmm-newton-helpdesk
Date Published	2007-08-23T00:00:00Z
Keywords	"xray band", "outer region", "enrichment mechanisms", "cluster enrichment", "XMM", "amount cooling", "deep 140", "cool temperature", "brightest clusters", "inner 60kpc", "type ia", "centaurus cluster", "wide range"
Publisher And Registrant	European Space Agency
Credit Guidelines	European Space Agency, Dr Jeremy Sanders, 2007, 'Enrichment and cooling in the Centaurus cluster', 17.56_20190403_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-o2dylmk