A dataset provided by the European Space Agency

Name: NGC 1132: A Fully-Merged Optically Dark Group
Published: 2004-09-10T00:00:00Z
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo

Proposal ID	015149
Title	NGC 1132: A Fully-Merged Optically Dark Group
Download Data Associated to the proposal	https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0151490101
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ypgdk4w
Principal Investigator, PI	Prof William Mathews
Abstract	We propose to observe NGC 1132, an isolated E galaxy surrounded by an ensemble of faint dwarf galaxies. Evidently, all of the more luminous original group members merged to form NGC 1132. It has a remarkably high total mass to light ratio suggesting that star formation in the group is unusually inefficient. XMM temperature measurements will provide an accurate dark mass profile out to half the virial radius. The radial variation of the Fe abundance in the hot gas will define the total number of supernova that have occurred over time. The simplicity of this fully merged system is ideal for gas dynamical calculations, which, when compared to XMM observations, afford a unique opportunity to learn about galaxy evolution.
Publications	The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. V. The Second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue \|Watson M. G. Schroder A. C. et al. \| A&A \| 493-339 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...493..339W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...493..339W The X-ray Energy Dependence of the Relation Between Optical and X-ray Emission in Quasars \|Young M. Elvis M. \| ApJ \| 708-1388 \| 2010 \| 2010ApJ...708.1388Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010ApJ...708.1388Y An Extremely Luminous Panchromatic Outburst from the Nucleus of a Distant Galaxy \|Levan A. J. Tanvir N. R. et al. \| Sci \| 333-199 \| 2011 \| 2011Sci...333..199L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Sci...333..199L The x-ray luminous galaxy cluster population at 0.9 < z ≲ 1.6 as revealed by the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project \|Fassbender R. Bohringer H. et al. \| NJPh \| 13-125014 \| 2011 \| 2011NJPh...13l5014F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011NJPh...13l5014F Statistical evaluation of the flux cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC cameras \|Mateos S. Saxton R. D. et al. \| A&A \| 496-879 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...496..879M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...496..879M The XMM Cluster Survey: optical analysis methodology and the first data release \|Mehrtens Nicola Romer A. Kathy et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-1024 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.1024M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.1024M An XMM-Newton Survey of the Soft X-ray Background. I. The O VII and O VIII Lines Between l = 120 and l = 240 \|Henley David B. Shelton Robin L. \| ApJS \| 187-388 \| 2010 \| 2010ApJS..187..388H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010ApJS..187..388H An All-Sky Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations \|Flesch E. \| PASA \| 27-283 \| 2010 \| 2010PASA...27..283F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010PASA...27..283F The XMM Cluster Survey: X-ray analysis methodology \|Lloyd-Davies E. J. Romer A. Kathy et al. \| MNRAS \| 418-14 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.418...14L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.418...14L Exospheric solar wind charge exchange as seen by XMM-Newton \|Carter J. A. Semba S. \| AN \| 333-313 \| 2012 \| 2012AN....333..313C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012AN....333..313C The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys - II. Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive \|Clerc N. Sadibekova T. et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-3561 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.3561C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.3561C Variability and the X-ray/UV ratio of active galactic nuclei \|Vagnetti F. Turriziani S. et al. \| A&A \| 519-17 \| 2010 \| 2010A&A...519A..17V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010A&A...519A..17V An XMM-Newton Survey of the Soft X-Ray Background. II. An All-Sky Catalog of Diffuse O VII and O VIII Emission Intensities \|Henley David B. Shelton Robin L. \| ApJS \| 202-14 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJS..202...14H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJS..202...14H The XMM-Newton serendipitous ultraviolet source survey catalogue \|Page M. J. Brindle C. et al. \| MNRAS \| 426-903 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.426..903P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.426..903P Properties of the integrated spectrum of serendipitous 2XMM catalog sources \|Chaudhary P. Brusa M. et al. \| A&A \| 518-58 \| 2010 \| 2010A&A...518A..58C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010A&A...518A..58C Rest-frame stacking of 2XMM catalog sources. Properties of the Fe Kalpha line \|Chaudhary P. Brusa M. et al. \| A&A \| 537-6 \| 2012 \| 2012A&A...537A...6C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012A&A...537A...6C Using the Bright Ultrahard XMM-Newton survey to define an IR selection of luminous AGN based on WISE colours \|Mateos S. Alonso-Herrero A. et al. \| MNRAS \| 426-3271 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.426.3271M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.426.3271M Cross-correlation of the 2XMMi catalogue with Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \|Pineau F.-X. Motch C. et al. \| A&A \| 527-126 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...527A.126P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...527A.126P A systematic cross-search for radio/infrared counterparts of XMM- Newton sources \|Combi J. A. Albacete Colombo J. F. et al. \| Ap&SS \| 331-53 \| 2011 \| 2011Ap&SS.331...53C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Ap&SS.331...53C Exploring X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGN up to z ~ 2.3 \|Ballo L. Heras F. J. H. et al. \| A&A \| 545-66 \| 2012 \| 2012A&A...545A..66B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012A&A...545A..66B The Fifth Data Release Sloan Digital Sky Survey/XMM-Newton Quasar Survey \|Young M. Elvis M. \| ApJS \| 183-17 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJS..183...17Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJS..183...17Y A statistical relation between the X-ray spectral index and Eddington ratio of active galactic nuclei in deep surveys \|Brightman M. Silverman J. D. et al. \| MNRAS \| 433-2485 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.433.2485B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.433.2485B Uncovering obscured luminous AGN with WISE \|Mateos S. Alonso-Herrero A. et al. \| MNRAS \| 434-941 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.434..941M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.434..941M Serendipitous UV source catalogues for 10 years of XMM and 5 years of Swift \|Yershov V. N. \| Ap&SS \| 354-97 \| 2014 \| 2014Ap&SS.354...97Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Ap&SS.354...97Y Scaling properties of a complete X-ray selected galaxy group sample \|Lovisari L. Reiprich T. H. \| A&A \| 573-118 \| 2015 \| 2015A&A...573A.118L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015A&A...573A.118L Revisiting the relationship between 6 mum and 2-10 keV continuum luminosities of AGN \|Mateos S. Carrera F. J. et al. \| MNRAS \| 449-1422 \| 2015 \| 2015MNRAS.449.1422M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015MNRAS.449.1422M ERRATUM: The Fifth Data Release Sloan Digital Sky Survey/XMM-Newton Quasar Survey (2009 ApJS 183 17) \|Young M. Elvis M. \| ApJS \| 185-250 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJS..185..250Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJS..185..250Y Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect or not? Detecting the main foreground effect of most galaxy clusters \|Xiao Weike Chen Chen et al. \| MNRAS \| 432-41 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.432L..41X \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.432L..41X XMM-Newton publication statistics \|Ness J.-U. Parmar A. N. et al. \| AN \| 335-210 \| 2014 \| 2014AN....335..210N \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014AN....335..210N The Tight Relation between X-Ray and Ultraviolet Luminosity of Quasars \|Lusso E. Risaliti G. \| ApJ \| 819-154 \| 2016 \| 2016ApJ...819..154L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016ApJ...819..154L The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Ways Hot Gas Halo \|Miller Matthew J. Bregman Joel N. \| ApJ \| 829-9 \| 2016 \| 2016ApJ...829....9M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016ApJ...829....9M SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV \|Clerc N. Merloni A. et al. \| MNRAS \| 463-4490 \| 2016 \| 2016MNRAS.463.4490C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.463.4490C The Million Optical - Radio/X-ray Associations (MORX) Catalogue \|Flesch Eric W. \| PASA \| 33-52 \| 2016 \| 2016PASA...33...52F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016PASA...33...52F A new sample of X-ray selected narrow emission-line galaxies. II. Looking for True Seyfert 2 \|Pons E. Watson M. G. \| A&A \| 594-72 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...594A..72P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...594A..72P Studying Cosmic Evolution with the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project: X-ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters at z>~1 and their Galaxy Populations \|Fassbender Rene \| PhDT \| 0-116 \| 2008 \| 2008PhDT.......116F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2008PhDT.......116F AGNs with discordant optical and X-ray classification are not a physical family: diverse origin in two AGNs \|Ordovas-Pascual I. Mateos S. et al. \| MNRAS \| 469-693 \| 2017 \| 2017MNRAS.469..693O \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2017MNRAS.469..693O Disturbed Fossil Group Galaxy NGC 1132 \|Kim Dong-Woo Anderson Craig et al. \| ApJ \| 853-129 \| 2018 \| 2018ApJ...853..129K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018ApJ...853..129K Anisotropy of the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity-temperature relation \|Migkas Konstantinos Reiprich Thomas H. \| A&A \| 611-50 \| 2018 \| 2018A&A...611A..50M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018A&A...611A..50M Imaging Plasma Density Structures in the Soft X-Rays Generated by Solar Wind Charge Exchange with Neutrals \|Sibeck David G. Allen R. et al. \| SSRv \| 214-79 \| 2018 \| 2018SSRv..214...79S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018SSRv..214...79S The XMM Cluster Survey: Present status and latest results \|Viana P. T. P. Mehrtens N. et al. \| AN \| 334-462 \| 2013 \| 2013AN....334..462V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013AN....334..462V The non-uniformity of galaxy cluster metallicity profiles \|Lovisari L. Reiprich T. H. \| MNRAS \| 483-540 \| 2019 \| 2019MNRAS.483..540L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019MNRAS.483..540L The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ~= 1 \|Gonzalez Anthony H. Gettings Daniel P. et al. \| ApJS \| 240-33 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJS..240...33G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJS..240...33G A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). II. Physical Properties Derived from the SED Fitting with Optical Infrared and Radio Data \|Toba Yoshiki Yamashita Takuji et al. \| ApJS \| 243-15 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJS..243...15T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJS..243...15T Testing emergent gravity on galaxy cluster scales \|Tamosiunas Andrius Bacon David et al. \| JCAP \| 5-53 \| 2019 \| 2019JCAP...05..053T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019JCAP...05..053T Chandra Follow-up of the SDSS DR8 Redmapper Catalog Using the MATCha Pipeline \|Hollowood Devon L. Jeltema Tesla et al. \| ApJS \| 244-22 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJS..244...22H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJS..244...22H Stellar mass as a galaxy cluster mass proxy: application to the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer clusters \|Palmese A. Annis J. et al. \| MNRAS \| 493-4591 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.493.4591P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.493.4591P X-ray properties of the X-CLASS-redMaPPer galaxy cluster sample: the luminosity-temperature relation \|Molham Mona Clerc Nicolas et al. \| MNRAS \| 494-161 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.494..161M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.494..161M Multiwavelength classification of X-ray selected galaxy cluster candidates using convolutional neural networks \|Kosiba Matej Lieu Maggie et al. \| MNRAS \| 496-4141 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.496.4141K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.496.4141K SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release \|Clerc N. Kirkpatrick C. C. et al. \| MNRAS \| 497-3976 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.497.3976C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.497.3976C An X-Ray- and SZ-bright Diffuse Source toward M31: A Local Hot Bridge \|Qu Zhijie Huang Rui et al. \| ApJ \| 907-14 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJ...907...14Q \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJ...907...14Q A Luminous X-Ray Transient in SDSS J143359.16+400636.0: A Likely Tidal Disruption Event \|Brightman Murray Ward Charlotte et al. \| ApJ \| 909-102 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJ...909..102B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJ...909..102B Effect of interacting dark energy on mass-temperature relation in galaxy clusters \|Naseri Mahdi Firouzjaee Javad T. \| PhRvD \| 102-123503 \| 2020 \| 2020PhRvD.102l3503N \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020PhRvD.102l3503N Scaling Properties of Galaxy Groups \|Lovisari Lorenzo Ettori Stefano et al. \| Univ \| 7-139 \| 2021 \| 2021Univ....7..139L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021Univ....7..139L Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning \|Zhang Yanxia Zhao Yongheng \| MNRAS \| 503-5263 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.503.5263Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.503.5263Z An XMM-Newton Early-type Galaxy Atlas \|Islam Nazma Kim Dong-Woo et al. \| ApJS \| 256-22 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJS..256...22I \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJS..256...22I The Solar Cycle Temporal Variation of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-Ray Lines \|Qu Zhijie Koutroumpa Dimitra et al. \| ApJ \| 930-21 \| 2022 \| 2022ApJ...930...21Q \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022ApJ...930...21Q Dynamical state of galaxy clusters evaluated from X-ray images \|Yuan Z. S. Han J. L. \| MNRAS \| 513-3013 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.513.3013Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.513.3013Y X-ray emission from a rapidly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy at z = 6.56 \|Wolf J. Nandra K. et al. \| A&A \| 669-127 \| 2023 \| 2023A&A...669A.127W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2023A&A...669A.127W Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in the GOALS Sample with a Self-consistent AGN Model including a Polar-dust Component \|Yamada Satoshi Ueda Yoshihiro et al. \| ApJS \| 265-37 \| 2023 \| 2023ApJS..265...37Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2023ApJS..265...37Y From Active Stars to Black Holes: A Discovery Tool for Galactic X-Ray Sources \|Rodriguez Antonio C. \| PASP \| 136-054201 \| 2024 \| 2024PASP..136e4201R \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PASP..136e4201R Galaxy Groups as the Ultimate Probe of AGN Feedback \|Eckert Dominique Gastaldello Fabio et al. \| Galax \| 12-24 \| 2024 \| 2024Galax..12...24E \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024Galax..12...24E Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton \|Luque Pedro De la Torre Balaji Shyam \| PhRvD \| 109-L101305 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j1305L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j1305L Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae \|Luque Pedro De la Torre Balaji Shyam \| PhRvD \| 109-103028 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j3028L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j3028L Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints \|De la Torre Luque Pedro Balaji Shyam \| ApJ \| 968-46 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...968...46D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...968...46D Discordant optical and X-ray classification of AGN \|Ordovu00e1s-Pascual I. Mateos S. et al. \| hsa8 \| 0-274 \| 2015 \| 2015hsa8.conf..274O \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015hsa8.conf..274O Probing the inner Galactic halo with blue horizontal-branch stars. Gaia DR3-based catalogue with atmospheric and stellar parameters \|Culpan R. Dorsch M. et al. \| A&A \| 685-A134 \| 2024 \| 2024A&A...685A.134C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024A&A...685A.134C Extinction and AGN over host galaxy contrast effects on the optical spectroscopic classification of AGN \|Barquu00edn-Gonzu00e1lez L. Mateos S. et al. \| A&A \| 687-A159 \| 2024 \| 2024A&A...687A.159B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024A&A...687A.159B Search for Young Stellar Objects within 4XMM-DR13 Using CatBoost and SPE \|Ma Xiangyao Zhang Yanxia et al. \| AJ \| 168-210 \| 2024 \| 2024AJ....168..210M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024AJ....168..210M New 511 keV Line Data Provide Strongest sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints \|De la Torre Luque Pedro Balaji Shyam \| ApJ \| 973-L6 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...973L...6D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...973L...6D
Instrument	EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage	2003-07-16T08:28:01Z/2003-07-16T21:34:45Z
Version	21.51_20241115_1113
Mission Description	The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
Creator Contact	https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xmm-newton-helpdesk
Date Published	2004-09-10T00:00:00Z
Last Update	2026-07-09
Keywords	"galaxy surrounded", "hot gas", "galaxy evolution", "light ratio", "gas dynamical calculations", "XMM", "faint dwarf galaxy", "virial radius", "fe abundance", "star formation", "radial variation", "dark mass profile", "merged optically dark", "form ngc 1132", "xmm temperature measurements", "total mass", "luminous original", "ngc 1132", "merged system", "NGC 1132"
Publisher And Registrant	European Space Agency
Credit Guidelines	European Space Agency, Prof William Mathews, 2004, 'NGC 1132: A Fully-Merged Optically Dark Group', 21.51_20241115_1113, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ypgdk4w
Rights	Data hosted in the ESA Space Science Archives are distributed under the CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO license.