A dataset provided by the European Space Agency

Name: Towards Understanding Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies
Published: 2004-10-09T00:00:00Z

Proposal ID	015065
Title	Towards Understanding Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies
Download Data Associated to the proposal	https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0150650301 https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0150651101 https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0150651201
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-dp5d79e
Principal Investigator, PI	Dr Manfred Pakull
Abstract	One of the unsolved questions in contemporary astrophysics is the nature of thebright non-nuclear X-ray sources which appear to surpass by large margins theEddington luminosity of a stellar-mass compact object. We have recentlydiscovered extended emission nebulae around several ultraluminous sources (ULX)in nearby galaxies which are partly photoionized by their XUV radiation; extentand expansion velocity suggest that these ULX were formed in energetic eventssome 1E6 years ago. Here we propose to observe a sample of bright ULX in nearbygalaxies with the goal to understand their X-ray spectra and to test currentideas of accretion physics in ULX.
Publications	The Young, Massive, Star Cluster Sandage-96 After the Explosion of Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403 \|Vinko, J., Sarneczky, K., et al. \| ApJ \| 695-619 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJ...695..619V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJ...695..619V Spectral States and Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources \|Feng, Hua, Kaaret, Philip, \| ApJ \| 696-1712 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJ...696.1712F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJ...696.1712F Spectral variability of ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Kajava, Jari J. E., Poutanen, Juri, \| MNRAS \| 398-1450 \| 2009 \| 2009MNRAS.398.1450K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009MNRAS.398.1450K The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. V. The Second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue \|Watson, M. G., Schroder, A. C., et al. \| A&A \| 493-339 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...493..339W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...493..339W An Extremely Luminous Panchromatic Outburst from the Nucleus of a Distant Galaxy \|Levan, A. J., Tanvir, N. R., et al. \| Sci \| 333-199 \| 2011 \| 2011Sci...333..199L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Sci...333..199L Statistical evaluation of the flux cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC cameras \|Mateos, S., Saxton, R. D., et al. \| A&A \| 496-879 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...496..879M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...496..879M The XMM Cluster Survey: optical analysis methodology and the first data release \|Mehrtens, Nicola, Romer, A. Kathy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-1024 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.1024M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.1024M 2XMM ultraluminous X-ray source candidates in nearby galaxies \|Walton, D. J., Roberts, T. P., et al. \| MNRAS \| 416-1844 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.416.1844W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.416.1844W XMM-Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies \|Winter, Lisa M., Mushotzky, Richard F., \| ApJ \| 649-730 \| 2006 \| 2006ApJ...649..730W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006ApJ...649..730W Chandra and XMM-Newton Discovery of Transient X-Ray Pulsar in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2403 \|Trudolyubov, Sergey P., Priedhorsky, William C., \| ApJ \| 663-487 \| 2007 \| 2007ApJ...663..487T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2007ApJ...663..487T Discovery of a Transient X-Ray Source in the Compact Stellar Nucleus of NGC 2403 \|Yukita, Mihoko, Swartz, Douglas A., et al. \| ApJ \| 664-277 \| 2007 \| 2007ApJ...664..277Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2007ApJ...664..277Y Ultra-luminous sources in nearby galaxies \|Mushotzky, Richard, \| AdSpR \| 38-2793 \| 2006 \| 2006AdSpR..38.2793M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006AdSpR..38.2793M A large catalogue of ultraluminous X-ray source candidates in nearby galaxies \|Walton, D. J., Gladstone, J. C., et al. \| AN \| 332-354 \| 2011 \| 2011AN....332..354W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011AN....332..354W A serendipitous XMM survey of the SDSS: the evolution of the colour-magnitude diagram of X-ray AGN from z= 0.8 to 0.1 \|Georgakakis, Antonis, Nandra, K., \| MNRAS \| 414-992 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.414..992G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.414..992G An All-Sky Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations \|Flesch, E., \| PASA \| 27-283 \| 2010 \| 2010PASA...27..283F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010PASA...27..283F Spectral Transitions of an Ultraluminous X-Ray Source, NGC 2403 Source 3 \|Isobe, Naoki, Makishima, Kazuo, et al. \| PASJ \| 61-279 \| 2009 \| 2009PASJ...61S.279I \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009PASJ...61S.279I The XMM Cluster Survey: X-ray analysis methodology \|Lloyd-Davies, E. J., Romer, A. Kathy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 418-14 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.418...14L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.418...14L The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys - II. Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive \|Clerc, N., Sadibekova, T., et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-3561 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.3561C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.3561C Classification of X-Ray Sources in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog \|Lin, Dacheng, Webb, Natalie A., \| ApJ \| 756-27 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJ...756...27L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJ...756...27L The XMM-Newton serendipitous ultraviolet source survey catalogue \|Page, M. J., Brindle, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 426-903 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.426..903P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.426..903P Cross-correlation of the 2XMMi catalogue with Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \|Pineau, F.-X., Motch, C., et al. \| A&A \| 527-126 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...527A.126P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...527A.126P A systematic cross-search for radio/infrared counterparts of XMM- Newton sources \|Combi, J. A., Albacete Colombo, J. F., et al. \| Ap&SS \| 331-53 \| 2011 \| 2011Ap&SS.331...53C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Ap&SS.331...53C Exploring X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGN up to z virgul 2.3 \|Ballo, L., Heras, F. J. H., et al. \| A&A \| 545-66 \| 2012 \| 2012A&A...545A..66B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012A&A...545A..66B The Local Environment of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Viewed by XMM-Newton.s Optical Monitor \|Berghea, C. T., Dudik, R. P., et al. \| ApJ \| 776-100 \| 2013 \| 2013ApJ...776..100B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013ApJ...776..100B Ultraluminous X-ray sources: a deeper insight into their spectral evolution \|Pintore, Fabio, Zampieri, Luca, et al. \| MNRAS \| 439-3461 \| 2014 \| 2014MNRAS.439.3461P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014MNRAS.439.3461P Automatic Classification of Time-variable X-Ray Sources \|Lo, Kitty K., Farrell, Sean, et al. \| ApJ \| 786-20 \| 2014 \| 2014ApJ...786...20L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014ApJ...786...20L Synapses of active galactic nuclei:. Comparing X-ray and optical classifications using artificial neural networks \|Gonzalez-Martin, O., Diaz-Gonzalez, D., et al. \| A&A \| 567-92 \| 2014 \| 2014A&A...567A..92G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014A&A...567A..92G The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation \|Shen, Yue, Ho, Luis C., \| Natur \| 513-210 \| 2014 \| 2014Natur.513..210S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Natur.513..210S Serendipitous UV source catalogues for 10 years of XMM and 5 years of Swift \|Yershov, V. N., \| Ap&SS \| 354-97 \| 2014 \| 2014Ap&SS.354...97Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Ap&SS.354...97Y Irradiated, colour-temperature-corrected accretion discs in ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Sutton, Andrew D., Done, Chris, \| MNRAS \| 444-2415 \| 2014 \| 2014MNRAS.444.2415S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014MNRAS.444.2415S Obscuration-dependent Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei \|Buchner, Johannes, Georgakakis, Antonis, et al. \| ApJ \| 802-89 \| 2015 \| 2015ApJ...802...89B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015ApJ...802...89B A spectral-timing model for ULXs in the supercritical regime \|Middleton, Matthew J., Heil, Lucy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 447-3243 \| 2015 \| 2015MNRAS.447.3243M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015MNRAS.447.3243M Sunyaev-Zel.dovich effect or not? Detecting the main foreground effect of most galaxy clusters \|Xiao, Weike, Chen, Chen, et al. \| MNRAS \| 432-41 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.432L..41X \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.432L..41X Non-detection of X-ray emission from sterile neutrinos in stacked galaxy spectra \|Anderson, Michael E., Churazov, Eugene, \| MNRAS \| 452-3905 \| 2015 \| 2015MNRAS.452.3905A \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015MNRAS.452.3905A A survey of stellar X-ray flares from the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue: HIPPARCOS-Tycho cool stars \|Pye, J. P., Rosen, S., et al. \| A&A \| 581-28 \| 2015 \| 2015A&A...581A..28P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015A&A...581A..28P The Chandra Local Volume Survey. I. The X-Ray Point Source Populations of NGC 55, NGC 2403, and NGC 4214 \|Binder, B., Williams, B. F., et al. \| AJ \| 150-94 \| 2015 \| 2015AJ....150...94B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015AJ....150...94B Ensemble X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei. II. Excess variance and updated structure function \|Vagnetti, F., Middei, R., et al. \| A&A \| 593-55 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...593A..55V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...593A..55V SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV \|Clerc, N., Merloni, A., et al. \| MNRAS \| 463-4490 \| 2016 \| 2016MNRAS.463.4490C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.463.4490C The Million Optical - Radio/X-ray Associations (MORX) Catalogue \|Flesch, Eric W., \| PASA \| 33-52 \| 2016 \| 2016PASA...33...52F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016PASA...33...52F Searching for outflows in ultraluminous X-ray sources through high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy \|Kosec, P., Pinto, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 473-5680 \| 2018 \| 2018MNRAS.473.5680K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018MNRAS.473.5680K Anisotropy of the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity-temperature relation \|Migkas, Konstantinos, Reiprich, Thomas H., \| A&A \| 611-50 \| 2018 \| 2018A&A...611A..50M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018A&A...611A..50M The XMM Cluster Survey: Present status and latest results \|Viana, P. T. P., Mehrtens, N., et al. \| AN \| 334-462 \| 2013 \| 2013AN....334..462V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013AN....334..462V A new, clean catalogue of extragalactic non-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies \|Earnshaw, H. P., Roberts, T. P., et al. \| MNRAS \| 483-5554 \| 2019 \| 2019MNRAS.483.5554E \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019MNRAS.483.5554E Testing emergent gravity on galaxy cluster scales \|Tamosiunas, Andrius, Bacon, David, et al. \| JCAP \| 5-53 \| 2019 \| 2019JCAP...05..053T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019JCAP...05..053T Chandra Follow-up of the SDSS DR8 Redmapper Catalog Using the MATCha Pipeline \|Hollowood, Devon L., Jeltema, Tesla, et al. \| ApJS \| 244-22 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJS..244...22H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJS..244...22H Stellar mass as a galaxy cluster mass proxy: application to the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer clusters \|Palmese, A., Annis, J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 493-4591 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.493.4591P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.493.4591P X-ray properties of the X-CLASS-redMaPPer galaxy cluster sample: the luminosity-temperature relation \|Molham, Mona, Clerc, Nicolas, et al. \| MNRAS \| 494-161 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.494..161M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.494..161M Searches for pulsar-like candidates from unidentified objects in the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources with machine learning techniques \|Hui, C. Y., Lee, Jongsu, et al. \| MNRAS \| 495-1093 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.495.1093H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.495.1093H Multiwavelength classification of X-ray selected galaxy cluster candidates using convolutional neural networks \|Kosiba, Matej, Lieu, Maggie, et al. \| MNRAS \| 496-4141 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.496.4141K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.496.4141K SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release \|Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 497-3976 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.497.3976C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.497.3976C The nature of the symbiotic candidate 2MASS J07363415+6538548 in the field of NGC 2403 \|Merc, J., G\\u00e1lis, R., et al. \| MNRAS \| 499-2116 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.499.2116M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.499.2116M Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning \|Zhang, Yanxia, Zhao, Yongheng, \| MNRAS \| 503-5263 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.503.5263Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.503.5263Z Ionized emission and absorption in a large sample of ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Kosec, P., Pinto, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 508-3569 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.508.3569K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.508.3569K The impact of precession on the observed population of ULXs \|Khan, Norman, Middleton, Matthew J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 509-2493 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.509.2493K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.509.2493K The Redshift Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources out to z 0.5: Comparison with X-Ray Binary Populations and Contribution to the Cosmic X-Ray Background \|Scott Barrows, R., Comerford, Julia M., et al. \| ApJ \| 932-27 \| 2022 \| 2022ApJ...932...27S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022ApJ...932...27S NGC 2403 XMM4: evidence for a super-Eddington neutron star with a possible transient pulsation \|Luangtip, Wasutep, Roberts, Timothy P., \| MNRAS \| 528-418 \| 2024 \| 2024MNRAS.528..418L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024MNRAS.528..418L A Statistical Study of Soft X-Ray Flares on Solar-type Stars \|Zhao, Z. H., Hua, Z. Q., et al. \| ApJ \| 961-130 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...961..130Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...961..130Z The XMM-Newton Line Emission Analysis Program (X-LEAP). I. Emission-line Survey of O VII, O VIII, and Fe L-shell Transitions \|Pan, Zeyang, Qu, Zhijie, et al. \| ApJS \| 271-62 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJS..271...62P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJS..271...62P From Active Stars to Black Holes: A Discovery Tool for Galactic X-Ray Sources \|Rodriguez, Antonio C., \| PASP \| 136-054201 \| 2024 \| 2024PASP..136e4201R \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PASP..136e4201R Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-L101305 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j1305L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j1305L Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-103028 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j3028L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j3028L Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints \|De la Torre Luque, Pedro, Balaji, Shyam, \| ApJ \| 968-46 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...968...46D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...968...46D
Instrument	EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage	2003-04-30T11:26:56Z/2003-09-11T12:13:52Z
Version	17.56_20190403_1200
Mission Description	The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
Creator Contact	https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xmm-newton-helpdesk
Date Published	2004-10-09T00:00:00Z
Keywords	"bright ulx", "accretion physics", "energetic events", "expansion velocity", "eddington luminosity", "emission nebulae", "stellar mass", "nearby galaxy", "xuv radiation", "ultraluminous xray sources", "partly photoionized", "contemporary astrophysics", "compact object", "xray spectra", "ultraluminous sources ulx", "nuclear xray sources"
Publisher And Registrant	European Space Agency
Credit Guidelines	European Space Agency, Dr Manfred Pakull, 2004, 'Towards Understanding Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies', 17.56_20190403_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-dp5d79e