A dataset provided by the European Space Agency

Name: Probing the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources with XMM-NEWTON
Published: 2004-05-21T00:00:00Z

Proposal ID	014277
Title	Probing the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources with XMM-NEWTON
Download Data Associated to the proposal	https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0142770101 https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-sl/servlet/data-action-aio?obsno=0142770301
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-zbcqigg
Principal Investigator, PI	Dr Timothy Roberts
Abstract	Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are an intriguing new class of objectdiscovered in X-ray imaging observations of nearby galaxies. Here we proposeXMM-NEWTON observations of two of the currently best-studied ULX, NGC 4559 X-1and NGC 5204 X-1. We will use the EPIC CCD cameras to obtain high quality X-rayspectra and, through repeat observations, investigate their spectralvariability. In particular, we will be looking for behavior that could underlinesimilarities between ULX and Galactic X-ray binaries with jets, such as themicroquasars. The OM will provide UV colours for the blue counterpart to NGC5204 X-1, and allow a search for a similar counterpart to NGC 4559 X-1. Thisprogramme will provide us with considerable new insight on the ULX phenomenon.
Publications	Elemental Abundances of Nearby Galaxies through High Signal-to-Noise Ratio XMM-Newton Observations of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources \|Winter, Lisa M., Mushotzky, Richard F., \| ApJ \| 655-163 \| 2007 \| 2007ApJ...655..163W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2007ApJ...655..163W Spectral States and Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources \|Feng, Hua, Kaaret, Philip, \| ApJ \| 696-1712 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJ...696.1712F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJ...696.1712F Spectral variability of ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Kajava, Jari J. E., Poutanen, Juri, \| MNRAS \| 398-1450 \| 2009 \| 2009MNRAS.398.1450K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009MNRAS.398.1450K A revision of the X-ray absorption nature of BALQSOs \|Streblyanska, A., Barcons, X., et al. \| A&A \| 515-2 \| 2010 \| 2010A&A...515A...2S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010A&A...515A...2S The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. V. The Second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue \|Watson, M. G., Schroder, A. C., et al. \| A&A \| 493-339 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...493..339W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...493..339W The X-ray Energy Dependence of the Relation Between Optical and X-ray Emission in Quasars \|Young, M., Elvis, M., \| ApJ \| 708-1388 \| 2010 \| 2010ApJ...708.1388Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010ApJ...708.1388Y An Extremely Luminous Panchromatic Outburst from the Nucleus of a Distant Galaxy \|Levan, A. J., Tanvir, N. R., et al. \| Sci \| 333-199 \| 2011 \| 2011Sci...333..199L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011Sci...333..199L Studying the X-ray/UV Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei with data from Swift and XMM archives \|Turriziani, Sara, \| JPhCS \| 280-12005 \| 2011 \| 2011JPhCS.280a2005T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011JPhCS.280a2005T New constraints on the X-ray spectral properties of type 1 active galactic nuclei \|Scott, A. E., Stewart, G. C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 417-992 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.417..992S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.417..992S Statistical evaluation of the flux cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC cameras \|Mateos, S., Saxton, R. D., et al. \| A&A \| 496-879 \| 2009 \| 2009A&A...496..879M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009A&A...496..879M The XMM Cluster Survey: optical analysis methodology and the first data release \|Mehrtens, Nicola, Romer, A. Kathy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-1024 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.1024M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.1024M Do Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Really Contain Intermediate-Mass Black Holes? \|Vierdayanti, Kiki, Mineshige, Shin, et al. \| PASJ \| 58-915 \| 2006 \| 2006PASJ...58..915V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006PASJ...58..915V 2XMM ultraluminous X-ray source candidates in nearby galaxies \|Walton, D. J., Roberts, T. P., et al. \| MNRAS \| 416-1844 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.416.1844W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.416.1844W XMM-Newton Observations of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies \|Feng, Hua, Kaaret, Philip, \| ApJ \| 633-1052 \| 2005 \| 2005ApJ...633.1052F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2005ApJ...633.1052F XMM-Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies \|Winter, Lisa M., Mushotzky, Richard F., \| ApJ \| 649-730 \| 2006 \| 2006ApJ...649..730W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006ApJ...649..730W Ultra-luminous sources in nearby galaxies \|Mushotzky, Richard, \| AdSpR \| 38-2793 \| 2006 \| 2006AdSpR..38.2793M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006AdSpR..38.2793M A large catalogue of ultraluminous X-ray source candidates in nearby galaxies \|Walton, D. J., Gladstone, J. C., et al. \| AN \| 332-354 \| 2011 \| 2011AN....332..354W \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011AN....332..354W XMM-Newton EPIC observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5204 X-1 \|Roberts, T. P., Warwick, R. S., et al. \| MNRAS \| 357-1363 \| 2005 \| 2005MNRAS.357.1363R \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2005MNRAS.357.1363R A serendipitous XMM survey of the SDSS: the evolution of the colour-magnitude diagram of X-ray AGN from z= 0.8 to 0.1 \|Georgakakis, Antonis, Nandra, K., \| MNRAS \| 414-992 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.414..992G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.414..992G An All-Sky Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations \|Flesch, E., \| PASA \| 27-283 \| 2010 \| 2010PASA...27..283F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2010PASA...27..283F XMM-Newton observations of the brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Stobbart, A.-M., Roberts, T. P., \| MNRAS \| 368-397 \| 2006 \| 2006MNRAS.368..397S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006MNRAS.368..397S The XMM Cluster Survey: X-ray analysis methodology \|Lloyd-Davies, E. J., Romer, A. Kathy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 418-14 \| 2011 \| 2011MNRAS.418...14L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011MNRAS.418...14L Exospheric solar wind charge exchange as seen by XMM-Newton \|Carter, J. A., Semba, S., \| AN \| 333-313 \| 2012 \| 2012AN....333..313C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012AN....333..313C Detectability of low-energy X-ray spectral components in type 1 active galactic nuclei \|Scott, A. E., Stewart, G. C., \| MNRAS \| 423-2633 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.2633S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.2633S The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys - II. Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive \|Clerc, N., Sadibekova, T., et al. \| MNRAS \| 423-3561 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.423.3561C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.423.3561C Classification of X-Ray Sources in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog \|Lin, Dacheng, Webb, Natalie A., \| ApJ \| 756-27 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJ...756...27L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJ...756...27L An XMM-Newton Survey of the Soft X-Ray Background. II. An All-Sky Catalog of Diffuse O VII and O VIII Emission Intensities \|Henley, David B., Shelton, Robin L., \| ApJS \| 202-14 \| 2012 \| 2012ApJS..202...14H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012ApJS..202...14H The XMM-Newton serendipitous ultraviolet source survey catalogue \|Page, M. J., Brindle, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 426-903 \| 2012 \| 2012MNRAS.426..903P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012MNRAS.426..903P Ensemble X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei from serendipitous source catalogues \|Vagnetti, F., Turriziani, S., \| A&A \| 536-84 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...536A..84V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...536A..84V Cross-correlation of the 2XMMi catalogue with Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \|Pineau, F.-X., Motch, C., et al. \| A&A \| 527-126 \| 2011 \| 2011A&A...527A.126P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A&A...527A.126P Exploring X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGN up to z virgul 2.3 \|Ballo, L., Heras, F. J. H., et al. \| A&A \| 545-66 \| 2012 \| 2012A&A...545A..66B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012A&A...545A..66B The Fifth Data Release Sloan Digital Sky Survey/XMM-Newton Quasar Survey \|Young, M., Elvis, M., \| ApJS \| 183-17 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJS..183...17Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJS..183...17Y The ultraluminous state revisited: fractional variability and spectral shape as diagnostics of super-Eddington accretion \|Sutton, Andrew D., Roberts, Timothy P., \| MNRAS \| 435-1758 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.435.1758S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.435.1758S A statistical relation between the X-ray spectral index and Eddington ratio of active galactic nuclei in deep surveys \|Brightman, M., Silverman, J. D., et al. \| MNRAS \| 433-2485 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.433.2485B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.433.2485B The Local Environment of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Viewed by XMM-Newton.s Optical Monitor \|Berghea, C. T., Dudik, R. P., et al. \| ApJ \| 776-100 \| 2013 \| 2013ApJ...776..100B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013ApJ...776..100B Revisiting Putative Cool Accretion Disks in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources \|Miller, J. M., Walton, D. J., et al. \| ApJ \| 776-36 \| 2013 \| 2013ApJ...776L..36M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013ApJ...776L..36M Ultraluminous X-ray sources: a deeper insight into their spectral evolution \|Pintore, Fabio, Zampieri, Luca, et al. \| MNRAS \| 439-3461 \| 2014 \| 2014MNRAS.439.3461P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014MNRAS.439.3461P Automatic Classification of Time-variable X-Ray Sources \|Lo, Kitty K., Farrell, Sean, et al. \| ApJ \| 786-20 \| 2014 \| 2014ApJ...786...20L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014ApJ...786...20L Synapses of active galactic nuclei:. Comparing X-ray and optical classifications using artificial neural networks \|Gonzalez-Martin, O., Diaz-Gonzalez, D., et al. \| A&A \| 567-92 \| 2014 \| 2014A&A...567A..92G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014A&A...567A..92G The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation \|Shen, Yue, Ho, Luis C., \| Natur \| 513-210 \| 2014 \| 2014Natur.513..210S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Natur.513..210S Serendipitous UV source catalogues for 10 years of XMM and 5 years of Swift \|Yershov, V. N., \| Ap&SS \| 354-97 \| 2014 \| 2014Ap&SS.354...97Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014Ap&SS.354...97Y Obscuration-dependent Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei \|Buchner, Johannes, Georgakakis, Antonis, et al. \| ApJ \| 802-89 \| 2015 \| 2015ApJ...802...89B \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015ApJ...802...89B A spectral-timing model for ULXs in the supercritical regime \|Middleton, Matthew J., Heil, Lucy, et al. \| MNRAS \| 447-3243 \| 2015 \| 2015MNRAS.447.3243M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2015MNRAS.447.3243M ERRATUM: The Fifth Data Release Sloan Digital Sky Survey/XMM-Newton Quasar Survey (2009, ApJS, 183, 17) \|Young, M., Elvis, M., \| ApJS \| 185-250 \| 2009 \| 2009ApJS..185..250Y \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2009ApJS..185..250Y Sunyaev-Zel.dovich effect or not? Detecting the main foreground effect of most galaxy clusters \|Xiao, Weike, Chen, Chen, et al. \| MNRAS \| 432-41 \| 2013 \| 2013MNRAS.432L..41X \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013MNRAS.432L..41X Do the spectral energy distributions of type 1 active galactic nuclei show diversity? \|Scott, A. E., Stewart, G. C., \| MNRAS \| 438-2253 \| 2014 \| 2014MNRAS.438.2253S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2014MNRAS.438.2253S Ensemble X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei. II. Excess variance and updated structure function \|Vagnetti, F., Middei, R., et al. \| A&A \| 593-55 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...593A..55V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...593A..55V The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way.s Hot Gas Halo \|Miller, Matthew J., Bregman, Joel N., \| ApJ \| 829-9 \| 2016 \| 2016ApJ...829....9M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016ApJ...829....9M SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV \|Clerc, N., Merloni, A., et al. \| MNRAS \| 463-4490 \| 2016 \| 2016MNRAS.463.4490C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.463.4490C The Million Optical - Radio/X-ray Associations (MORX) Catalogue \|Flesch, Eric W., \| PASA \| 33-52 \| 2016 \| 2016PASA...33...52F \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016PASA...33...52F A new sample of X-ray selected narrow emission-line galaxies. II. Looking for True Seyfert 2 \|Pons, E., Watson, M. G., \| A&A \| 594-72 \| 2016 \| 2016A&A...594A..72P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016A&A...594A..72P Searching for outflows in ultraluminous X-ray sources through high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy \|Kosec, P., Pinto, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 473-5680 \| 2018 \| 2018MNRAS.473.5680K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018MNRAS.473.5680K Anisotropy of the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity-temperature relation \|Migkas, Konstantinos, Reiprich, Thomas H., \| A&A \| 611-50 \| 2018 \| 2018A&A...611A..50M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2018A&A...611A..50M The XMM Cluster Survey: Present status and latest results \|Viana, P. T. P., Mehrtens, N., et al. \| AN \| 334-462 \| 2013 \| 2013AN....334..462V \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2013AN....334..462V A new, clean catalogue of extragalactic non-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies \|Earnshaw, H. P., Roberts, T. P., et al. \| MNRAS \| 483-5554 \| 2019 \| 2019MNRAS.483.5554E \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019MNRAS.483.5554E Testing emergent gravity on galaxy cluster scales \|Tamosiunas, Andrius, Bacon, David, et al. \| JCAP \| 5-53 \| 2019 \| 2019JCAP...05..053T \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019JCAP...05..053T Chandra Follow-up of the SDSS DR8 Redmapper Catalog Using the MATCha Pipeline \|Hollowood, Devon L., Jeltema, Tesla, et al. \| ApJS \| 244-22 \| 2019 \| 2019ApJS..244...22H \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019ApJS..244...22H Thermal stability of winds driven by radiation pressure in super-Eddington accretion discs \|Pinto, C., Mehdipour, M., et al. \| MNRAS \| 491-5702 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.491.5702P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.491.5702P Stellar mass as a galaxy cluster mass proxy: application to the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer clusters \|Palmese, A., Annis, J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 493-4591 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.493.4591P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.493.4591P X-ray properties of the X-CLASS-redMaPPer galaxy cluster sample: the luminosity-temperature relation \|Molham, Mona, Clerc, Nicolas, et al. \| MNRAS \| 494-161 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.494..161M \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.494..161M Accretion History of AGNs. II. Constraints on AGN Spectral Parameters Using the Cosmic X-Ray Background \|Ananna, Tonima Tasnim, Treister, Ezequiel, et al. \| ApJ \| 889-17 \| 2020 \| 2020ApJ...889...17A \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020ApJ...889...17A Multiwavelength classification of X-ray selected galaxy cluster candidates using convolutional neural networks \|Kosiba, Matej, Lieu, Maggie, et al. \| MNRAS \| 496-4141 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.496.4141K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.496.4141K SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release \|Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 497-3976 \| 2020 \| 2020MNRAS.497.3976C \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2020MNRAS.497.3976C An X-Ray- and SZ-bright Diffuse Source toward M31: A Local Hot Bridge \|Qu, Zhijie, Huang, Rui, et al. \| ApJ \| 907-14 \| 2021 \| 2021ApJ...907...14Q \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021ApJ...907...14Q Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning \|Zhang, Yanxia, Zhao, Yongheng, \| MNRAS \| 503-5263 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.503.5263Z \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.503.5263Z Discovery of a recurrent spectral evolutionary cycle in the ultra-luminous X-ray sources Holmberg II X-1 and NGC 5204 X-1 \|G\\u00farpide, A., Godet, O., et al. \| A&A \| 654-10 \| 2021 \| 2021A&A...654A..10G \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021A&A...654A..10G Ionized emission and absorption in a large sample of ultraluminous X-ray sources \|Kosec, P., Pinto, C., et al. \| MNRAS \| 508-3569 \| 2021 \| 2021MNRAS.508.3569K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2021MNRAS.508.3569K The impact of precession on the observed population of ULXs \|Khan, Norman, Middleton, Matthew J., et al. \| MNRAS \| 509-2493 \| 2022 \| 2022MNRAS.509.2493K \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022MNRAS.509.2493K The Solar Cycle Temporal Variation of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-Ray Lines \|Qu, Zhijie, Koutroumpa, Dimitra, et al. \| ApJ \| 930-21 \| 2022 \| 2022ApJ...930...21Q \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022ApJ...930...21Q The Redshift Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources out to z 0.5: Comparison with X-Ray Binary Populations and Contribution to the Cosmic X-Ray Background \|Scott Barrows, R., Comerford, Julia M., et al. \| ApJ \| 932-27 \| 2022 \| 2022ApJ...932...27S \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2022ApJ...932...27S Winds in ultraluminous X\\u2011ray sources: New challenges \|Pinto, C., Kosec, P., \| AN \| 344-20220134 \| 2023 \| 2023AN....34420134P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2023AN....34420134P The XMM-Newton Line Emission Analysis Program (X-LEAP). I. Emission-line Survey of O VII, O VIII, and Fe L-shell Transitions \|Pan, Zeyang, Qu, Zhijie, et al. \| ApJS \| 271-62 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJS..271...62P \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJS..271...62P From Active Stars to Black Holes: A Discovery Tool for Galactic X-Ray Sources \|Rodriguez, Antonio C., \| PASP \| 136-054201 \| 2024 \| 2024PASP..136e4201R \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PASP..136e4201R Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-L101305 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j1305L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j1305L Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae \|Luque, Pedro De la Torre, Balaji, Shyam, \| PhRvD \| 109-103028 \| 2024 \| 2024PhRvD.109j3028L \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024PhRvD.109j3028L Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints \|De la Torre Luque, Pedro, Balaji, Shyam, \| ApJ \| 968-46 \| 2024 \| 2024ApJ...968...46D \| http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024ApJ...968...46D
Instrument	EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage	2003-01-06T01:07:32Z/2003-04-25T18:46:20Z
Version	17.56_20190403_1200
Mission Description	The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
Creator Contact	https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xmm-newton-helpdesk
Date Published	2004-05-21T00:00:00Z
Keywords	"ngc 4559 x", "quality xray spectra", "epic ccd cameras", "XMM", "EPIC", "galactic xray binary", "NGC 4559", "xray imaging", "uv colours", "spectral variability", "nearby galaxy", "ultraluminous xray sources", "underline similarities", "ulx phenomenon", "ngc 5204 x", "blue counterpart", "xmm newton"
Publisher And Registrant	European Space Agency
Credit Guidelines	European Space Agency, Dr Timothy Roberts, 2004, 'Probing the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources with XMM-NEWTON', 17.56_20190403_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-zbcqigg