For a total of 114 ksec, we propose to collect high quality spectra of an homogeneous sample of 2.5 to 3 solar mass giants carefully selected at different evolutionary stages across the Herzsprung gap. From the analysis of these spectra, emission volumes and electron densities at different temperatures could be derived which allow to estimate the electron pressures and the magnetic field strengths that are required to confine the plasmas. By comparing different stars with different evolutionary status across the Hertzprung gap, we would measure the structural modification of the coronae of giants during the rapid deepening of their convective zones, thus providing observational constraints on their dynamos.
Instrument
EMOS1, EMOS2, EPN, OM, RGS1, RGS2
Temporal Coverage
2001-01-09T16:59:12Z/2001-01-10T04:49:22Z
Version
17.56_20190403_1200
Mission Description
The European Space Agencys (ESA) X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is ESAs second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries 3 high throughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedented effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations. Since Earths atmosphere blocks out all X-rays, only a telescope in space can detect and study celestial X-ray sources. The XMM-Newton mission is helping scientists to solve a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from the enigmatic black holes to the origins of the Universe itself. Observing time on XMM-Newton is being made available to the scientific community, applying for observational periods on a competitive basis.
European Space Agency, Dr Philippe Gondoin, 2002, 'The coronae of Hertzsprung gap giants', 17.56_20190403_1200, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-i2mf07y
