the main component of protoplanetary nebulae (ppne) is thought to be neutral or slightly ionized atomic gas. in fact, such a composition is characteristic of ppne, evolutionarily placed between the (commonly) molecule-rich agb envelopes and the strongly ionized planetary nebulae. since the excitation of the ppn gas is still low, the observation of such atomic component should be done by means of the fine-structure lines. for well known technical reasons, however, these lines were difficult to detect before iso. the fact that we were observationally missing the main nebular component suggests that our ideas on the nebular conditions and structure during this evolutionary phase may be severely incomplete. our iso project .atomic gas in protoplanetary nebulae. (propid: ppna, obsid: vbujarra) is already yielding data on atomic line emission in ppne. the first results by iso are very encouraging at this respect and show quite rich atomic spectra in ppne. but these first results, together with some other recent data, also indicate that the present iso observations need a follow up. iso is not properly studying the atomic emission from important ppn subclasses, mainly young molecule-rich and ir-bright ppne and objects showing strong shocks. we argue that data with high spectral resolution are in particular needed. we therefore propose to complete the ongoing observations with new data of fine-structure atomic lines in selected ppne. the line list, that includes transitions of different atoms and with different excitation requirements, is similar to that of our previous work. the source sample, on the contrary, consists of objects selected in the sense explained above, i.e. young molecule-rich and ir-identified ppne, as well as ppne showing strong shocks.
Instrument
LWS01 , LWS02 , LWS04 , SWS02 , SWS07
Temporal Coverage
1997-03-01T08:26:09Z/1997-12-06T05:05:47Z
Version
1.0
Mission Description
The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was the worlds first true orbiting infrared observatory. Equipped with four highly-sophisticated and versatile scientific instruments, it was launched by Ariane in November 1995 and provided astronomers world-wide with a facility of unprecedented sensitivity and capabilities for a detailed exploration of the Universe at infrared wavelengths.
European Space Agency, BUJARRABAL et al., 1999, 'ATOMIC GAS IN PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE comma II', 1.0, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ef75kl6
