| Description |
Water is a key molecule for determining the physical and chemical
structure of star-forming regions because of its large abundance
variations --both in the gas and in the ice-- between warm and cold
regions. In this HIFI-led Key Program, we propose a comprehensive set
of water observations toward a large sample of well-characterized
protostars, covering a wide range of masses and luminosities -- from the
lowest to the highest mass protostars -- and a large range of
evolutionary stages -- from the first stages represented by the
pre-stellar cores to the last stages represented by the pre-main
sequence stars surrounded only by their protostellar disks. Lines of
H2O, H218O, H217O and chemically related hydrides
will be observed. In addition, selected high-frequency lines of CO
isotopes, [O I] as well as dust continuum maps will be obtained with
HIFI and PACS, and will be complemented by ground-based HDO, CO and
continuum maps to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis.
Limited mapping information on arcmin scale provides information on
local variations due to outflows and clustered star
formation. Together, the data will elucidate the physical processes
responsible for the warm gas, probe dynamical processes associated
with forming stars and planets, reveal the chemical evolution of water
and the oxygen-reservoir, and test basic gas-grain chemical
interactions. They will form an unique legacy for the community as a
complement to future ground-based programs and for planning future
space missions. |
| Publication |
Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows . Sperling T. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2021A&A...650A.173S ,
Herschel-PACS observations of shocked gas associated with the jets of L1448 and L1157 . Santangelo G. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 557, id.A22, 24 pp. . 557 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201321674 . 2013A&A...557A..22S ,
The Herschel-PACS Legacy of Low-mass Protostars: The Properties of Warm and Hot Gas Components and Their Origin in Far-UV Illuminated Shocks . Karska Agata et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 235, Issue 2, article id. 30, 45 pp. (2018). . 235 . 10.3847\/1538-4365\/aaaec5 . 2018ApJS..235...30K ,
Water in star-forming regions: physics and chemistry from clouds to disks as probed by Herschel spectroscopy . van Dishoeck E. F. et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2021A&A...648A..24V ,
|
| Instrument |
HIFI_HifiPoint_pos, PACS_PacsRangeSpec_point, PACS_PacsLineSpec_large, HIFI_HifiPoint_dbs, HIFI_HifiPoint_load, PACS_PacsLineSpec_point, HIFI_HifiMapping_fly, HIFI_HifiPoint_fs |
