We will perform a comprehensive far-infrared spectroscopic and photometric survey of infrared bright galaxies at local and intermediate redshifts. Our goal is to use the superior sensitivity, spatial and spectral resolution of Herschel to study these galaxies with minimal extinction effects. We aim to obtain a comprehensive view of the physical processes at work in the interstellar medium of local galaxies ranging from objects with moderately enhanced star formation to the most dense, energetic, and obscured environments in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and around AGN. The objects cover a wide parameter range in luminosity, activity level, and metal enrichment, and will be complemented by a few objects at intermediate redshifts, i.e. at a more active epoch of star formation. In particular we plan to - study the obscuration and physical conditions of the central regions of infrared galaxies by obtaining full PACS and SPIRE spectra of five template starbursts, AGN and ULIRGs. - characterise for a larger local sample the state of the ionised medium and of photo-dissociation and X-ray dominated regions through PACS observations of key diagnostic fine-structure and molecular lines. The densest and warmest region near AGN will also be probed for highly excited CO emission, - determine the role of metallicity in star formation processes of low metallicity galaxies from the nearby LMC/SMC to more distant galaxies, - search for evolution from the intermediate redshift population close to the peak of cosmic star formation till the present time, - study the triggering mechanisms and temporal evolution of infrared activity by photometric mapping of a large sample of interacting galaxies, - determine the structure of a few local templates by spectroscopic mapping along characteristic axes. These PA...CS line maps will establish the physical conditions of nuclear region, spiral arms/disk, and wind regions.
Publication
A Herschel/PACS Far-infrared Line Emission Survey of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies . Díaz-Santos T. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 846, Issue 1, article id. 32, 22 pp. (2017). . 846 . 10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa81d7 . 2017ApJ...846...32D , Hidden or missing outflows in highly obscured galaxy nuclei? . Falstad N. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 623, id.A29, 10 pp. . 623 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834586 . 2019A&A...623A..29F , Far-infrared Line Spectra of Active Galaxies from the Herschel/PACS Spectrometer: The Complete Database . Fernández-Ontiveros Juan Antonio et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 226, Issue 2, article id. 19, 26 pp. (2016). . 226 . 10.3847\/0067-0049\/226\/2\/19 . 2016ApJS..226...19F , Extended [C II] Emission in Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies . Díaz-Santos T. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 788, Issue 1, article id. L17, 5 pp. (2014). . 788 . 10.1088\/2041-8205\/788\/1\/L17 . 2014ApJ...788L..17D , Regulating Star Formation in Nearby Dusty Galaxies: Low Photoelectric Efficiencies in the Most Compact Systems . McKinney J. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2021ApJ...908..238M , High-J CO Sleds in Nearby Infrared Bright Galaxies Observed By Herschel/PACS . Mashian N. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 802, Issue 2, article id. 81, 17 pp. (2015). . 802 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/802\/2\/81 . 2015ApJ...802...81M , The applicability of far-infrared fine-structure lines as star formation rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities ...and galaxy types . De Looze Ilse et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 568, id.A62, 34 pp. . 568 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322489 . 2014A&A...568A..62D , The Herschel Comprehensive (U)LIRG Emission Survey (HERCULES): CO Ladders, Fine Structure Lines, and Neutral Gas Cooling . Rosenberg M. J. F. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 801, Issue 2, article id. 72, 18 pp. (2015). . 801 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/801\/2\/72 . 2015ApJ...801...72R , Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of NGC 4418 and Arp 220: H2O, H218O, OH, 18OH, O I, HCN, and NH3 . González-Alfonso E. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 541, id.A4, 30 pp. . 541 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201118029 . 2012A&A...541A...4G , Far-infrared Line Deficits in Galaxies with Extreme L_{FIR}/M_{H_{2}} Ratios . Graciá-Carpio J. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 728, Issue 1, article id. L7, 5 pp. (2011). . 728 . 10.1088\/2041-8205\/728\/1\/L7 . 2011ApJ...728L...7G , Importance of radiative pumping for the excitation of the H2O submillimeter lines in galaxies . González-Alfonso Eduardo et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics . null . null . 2022A&A...666L...3G , Herschel/PACS OH Spectroscopy of Seyfert, LINER, and Starburst Galaxies . Runco Jordan N. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal . null . null . 2020ApJ...905...57R , Neutral carbon and CO in 76 (U)LIRGs and starburst galaxy centers. A method to determine molecular gas properties in luminous galaxies . Israel F. P. et al. . Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 578, id.A95, 16 pp. . 578 . 10.1051\/0004-6361\/201425175 . 2015A&A...578A..95I , SHINING, A Survey of Far-infrared Lines in Nearby Galaxies. I. Survey Description, Observational Trends, and Line Diagnostics . Herrera-Camus R. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 861, Issue 2, article id. 94, 25 pp. (2018). . 861 . 10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac0f6 . 2018ApJ...861...94H , A Herschel Space Observatory Spectral Line Survey of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies from 194 to 671 Microns . Lu Nanyao et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 230, Issue 1, article id. 1, 34 pp. (2017). . 230 . 10.3847\/1538-4365\/aa6476 . 2017ApJS..230....1L , Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: CO and [C II] Emission in the z = 4.3 AzTEC J095942.9+022938 (COSMOS AzTEC-1) . Yun Min S. et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 454, Issue 4, p.3485-3499 . 454 . 10.1093\/mnras\/stv1963 . 2015MNRAS.454.3485Y , Explaining the [C II]157.7 μm Deficit in Luminous Infrared Galaxies—First Results from a Herschel/PACS Study of the GOALS Sample . Díaz-Santos T. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 774, Issue 1, article id. 68, 13 pp. (2013). . 774 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/774\/1\/68 . 2013ApJ...774...68D , Strong C+ Emission in Galaxies at z virgul 1-2: Evidence for Cold Flow Accretion Powered Star Formation in the Early Universe . Brisbin Drew et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 799, Issue 1, article id. 13, 18 pp. (2015). . 799 . 10.1088\/0004-637X\/799\/1\/13 . 2015ApJ...799...13B , SHINING, A Survey of Far-infrared Lines in Nearby Galaxies. II. Line-deficit Models, AGN Impact, [C II]-SFR Scaling Relations, and Mass-Metallicity Relation in (U)LIRGs . Herrera-Camus R. et al. . The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 861, Issue 2, article id. 95, 17 pp. (2018). . 861 . 10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac0f9 . 2018ApJ...861...95H ,
Herschel was launched on 14 May 2009! It is the fourth 'cornerstone' mission in the ESA science programme. With a 3.5 m Cassegrain telescope it is the largest space telescope ever launched. It is performing photometry and spectroscopy in approximately the 55-671 µm range, bridging the gap between earlier infrared space missions and groundbased facilities.
European Space Agency, 2013, Star Formation And Activity In Infrared Bright Galaxies At 0&Amp;Lt;Z&Amp;Lt;1, SPG v14.2.0, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-yp4b391
