We propose to image M31 (3x1deg) with PACS and SPIRE in slow parallel modeto understand the dust heating processes and efficiencies in normal spiralgalaxies. Our observations will provide a unique deep and panchromatic70,100,160, 250, 350 and 500 micron view of the inner stellar disk of M31at the highest possible spatial resolution with Herschel. Combined withSpitzer 8 and 24 micron data, this imaging will provide a detailed map ofthe thermal-IR SED at a resolution unparalleled for any other large galaxy. The 6-18 arcsec spatial resolution of Herschel at 70-250 micron corresponds to 20-60 pc at the distance of M31 and matches the scales of molecular clouds complexes (GMCs; virgul 40 pc) as well as of HII regions and clusters thereof (about 10-50 pc). Existing GALEX and optical data, as well as upcoming 900 orbit HST imaging will provide us with an unprecedented, resolved picture of all stellar populations younger than virgul200 Myrs, which should encompass much of the r^ant dust heating sources at scales of a few to a few 10 parsecs.With such information on both the thermal state of the dust and on theheating sources in hand, our SED modelling can then be used to understandover what length scales and with what efficiency stars heat the dust. Theresults will also serve as a local high resolution calibration of Herscheldata on more distant galaxies such as from the KINGFISH OT key project.This proposal is part of a coordinated effort to image M31 and itssurroundings: Here we aim on sensitive 70-250 micron coverage at thehighest spatial resolution for the bright inner stellar disk while thediffuse outer cold dust envelope including the companion NGC205 are thetarget of a second proposal by Fritz et al. For the analysis of extendedvery cold dust emission, the SPIRE data will be provided collaborativelyto the other team.
Publication
Calibrating Star Formation Rate Prescriptions at Different Scales (10 pc-1 kpc) in M31 | Tomicic Neven et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 873 Issue 1 article id. 3 26 pp. (2019). | 873 | 10.3847\\/1538-4357\\/ab03ce | 2019ApJ...873....3T | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...873....3T
Investigating variations in the dust emissivity index in the Andromeda Galaxy | Athikkat-Eknath G. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | null | null | 2022MNRAS.511.5287A |
The heating of dust by old stellar populations in the bulge of M31 | Groves Brent et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 426 Issue 2 pp. 892-902. | 426 | 10.1111\\/j.1365-2966.2012.21696.x | 2012MNRAS.426..892G | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.426..892G
Star formation laws in the Andromeda galaxy: gas, stars, metals and the surface density of star formation | Rahmani S. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 456 Issue 4 p.4128-4144 | 456 | 10.1093\\/mnras\\/stv2951 | 2016MNRAS.456.4128R | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.456.4128R
Attenuation Modified by DIG and Dust as Seen in M31 | Tomicic Neven et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 844 Issue 2 article id. 155 17 pp. (2017). | 844 | 10.3847\\/1538-4357\\/aa7b30 | 2017ApJ...844..155T | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...844..155T
Searching for anomalous microwave emission in nearby galaxies. K-band observations with the Sardinia Radio Telescope | Bianchi S. et al. | Astronomy and Astrophysics | null | null | 2022A&A...658L...8B |
The Resolved Distributions of Dust Mass and Temperature in Local Group Galaxies | Utomo Dyas et al. | The Astrophysical Journal | null | null | 2019ApJ...874..141U |
The Quest for the Missing Dust. I. Restoring Large-scale Emission in Herschel Maps of Local Group Galaxies | Clark Christopher J. R. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal | null | null | 2021ApJ...921...35C |
The Survey of Lines in M31 (SLIM): The Drivers of the C II/TIR Variation | Kapala Maria J. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 842 Issue 2 article id. 128 19 pp. (2017). | 842 | 10.3847\\/1538-4357\\/aa7265 | 2017ApJ...842..128K | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...842..128K
The dust in M31 | Whitworth A. P. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | null | null | 2019MNRAS.489.5436W |
Planck intermediate results. XXIX. All-sky dust modelling with Planck, IRAS, and WISE observations | Planck Collaboration Ade et al. | Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 586 id.A132 26 pp. | 586 | 10.1051\\/0004-6361\\/201424945 | 2016A&A...586A.132P | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016A%26A...586A.132P
Andromeda.s Dust | Draine B. T. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 780 Issue 2 article id. 172 18 pp. (2014). | 780 | 10.1088\\/0004-637X\\/780\\/2\\/172 | 2014ApJ...780..172D | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...780..172D
Water Masers in the Andromeda Galaxy. II. Where Do Masers Arise? | Amiri Nikta et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 826 Issue 2 article id. 136 14 pp. (2016). | 826 | 10.3847\\/0004-637X\\/826\\/2\\/136 | 2016ApJ...826..136A | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApJ...826..136A
The Survey of Lines in M31 (SLIM): Investigating the Origins of C II Emission | Kapala M. J. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 798 Issue 1 article id. 24 18 pp. (2015). | 798 | 10.1088\\/0004-637X\\/798\\/1\\/24 | 2015ApJ...798...24K | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...798...24K
Spatial power spectra of dust across the Local Group: No constraint on disc scale height | Koch Eric W. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | null | null | 2020MNRAS.492.2663K |
Instrument
SPIRE\/PACS parallel_SpirePacsParallel_
Temporal Coverage
2010-12-25T17:35:48Z/2010-12-27T06:23:45Z
Version
SPG v14.2.0
Mission Description
Herschel was launched on 14 May 2009! It is the fourth cornerstone mission in the ESA science programme. With a 3.5 m Cassegrain telescope it is the largest space telescope ever launched. It is performing photometry and spectroscopy in approximately the 55-671 µm range, bridging the gap between earlier infrared space missions and groundbased facilities.
European Space Agency, krause et al., 2011, 'Peering into the Dust: The Far-IR Emission in M31 at GMC-Resolution', SPG v14.2.0, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-n59trbs
