We propose to observe Andromeda on a 5.5x2.5 degree field, an area which will be virgul4.5 larger with respect to any previous IR observations, with SPIRE and PACS fast scan Parallel Mode, thus obtaining the most complete FIR survey of this galaxy both in terms of spatial mapping and spectral coverage. Sampling the whole galaxy will allow us to get a complete statistical sample of the cloud masses, temperatures, luminosities, as well as sampling the total dust in M31 right out to the most cool extended regions, and the total energy balance. Our observation strategy, covering such a large field, will enable us to trace the presence of both warm and cold dust much further away than was ever done before. Exploiting ancillary data at both millimeter and radio wavelengths, particularly of the HI emission, it will be possible to have a complete map describing the coupling of dust -at all temperatures- and gas down to Andromeda.s outskirts in both the diffuse medium and in the outer parts of its spiral structures.We will study the characteristics of the radiation field, derive gas-to-dust ratios as a function of the distance from the galaxy.s bulge, studythe mechanisms that are responsible for the dust ejection and detect, forthe first time, cold dust in the galaxy.s outskirts.
Publication
Investigating variations in the dust emissivity index in the Andromeda Galaxy | Athikkat-Eknath G. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | null | null | 2022MNRAS.511.5287A |
Study of the thermal and nonthermal emission components in M 31: the Sardinia Radio Telescope view at 6.6 GHz | Fatigoni S. et al. | Astronomy and Astrophysics | null | null | 2021A&A...651A..98F |
Star formation laws in the Andromeda galaxy: gas, stars, metals and the surface density of star formation | Rahmani S. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 456 Issue 4 p.4128-4144 | 456 | 10.1093\\/mnras\\/stv2951 | 2016MNRAS.456.4128R | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.456.4128R
Dust in the eye of Andromeda | Marsh K. A. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 480 Issue 3 p.3052-3061 | 480 | 10.1093\\/mnras\\/sty2037 | 2018MNRAS.480.3052M | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.480.3052M
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). I. Global far-infrared and sub-mm morphology | Fritz J. et al. | Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 546 id.A34 14 pp. | 546 | 10.1051\\/0004-6361\\/201118619 | 2012A&A...546A..34F | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...546A..34F
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). II. Dust and Gas in Andromeda | Smith M. W. L. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 756 Issue 1 article id. 40 17 pp. (2012). | 756 | 10.1088\\/0004-637X\\/756\\/1\\/40 | 2012ApJ...756...40S | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...756...40S
The Dust Mass of Supernova Remnants in M31 | Wang Ye et al. | The Astronomical Journal | null | null | 2022AJ....163...60W |
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). VII. A SKIRT radiative transfer model and insights on dust heating | Viaene S. et al. | Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 599 id.A64 22 pp. | 599 | 10.1051\\/0004-6361\\/201629251 | 2017A&A...599A..64V | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...599A..64V
The HASHTAG Project: The First Submillimeter Images of the Andromeda Galaxy from the Ground | Smith Matthew W. L. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | null | null | 2021ApJS..257...52S |
The Herschel exploitation of local galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) - V. Strengthening the case for substantial interstellar grain growth | Mattsson L. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 444 Issue 1 p.797-807 | 444 | 10.1093\\/mnras\\/stu1228 | 2014MNRAS.444..797M | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.444..797M
Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). III. The Star Formation Law in M31 | Ford George P. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 769 Issue 1 article id. 55 11 pp. (2013). | 769 | 10.1088\\/0004-637X\\/769\\/1\\/55 | 2013ApJ...769...55F | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...769...55F
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). VI. The Distribution and Properties of Molecular Cloud Associations in M31 | Kirk J. M. et al. | The Astrophysical Journal Volume 798 Issue 1 article id. 58 19 pp. (2015). | 798 | 10.1088\\/0004-637X\\/798\\/1\\/58 | 2015ApJ...798...58K | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...798...58K
The dust in M31 | Whitworth A. P. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | null | null | 2019MNRAS.489.5436W |
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). IV. Dust scaling relations at sub-kpc resolution | Viaene S. et al. | Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 567 id.A71 22 pp. | 567 | 10.1051\\/0004-6361\\/201423534 | 2014A&A...567A..71V | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A%26A...567A..71V
Far-ultraviolet to FIR Spectral-energy Distribution Modeling of the Stellar Formation History of the M31 Bulge | Leahy Denis et al. | The Astronomical Journal | null | null | 2022AJ....163..138L |
High-resolution mapping of dust via extinction in the M31 bulge | Dong Hui et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 459 Issue 2 p.2262-2273 | 459 | 10.1093\\/mnras\\/stw778 | 2016MNRAS.459.2262D | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.459.2262D
Herschel and JCMT observations of the early-type dwarf galaxy NGC 205 | De Looze I. et al. | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 423 Issue 3 pp. 2359-2373. | 423 | 10.1111\\/j.1365-2966.2012.21044.x | 2012MNRAS.423.2359D | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.423.2359D
Instrument
SPIRE\/PACS parallel_SpirePacsParallel_
Temporal Coverage
2010-12-18T07:20:15Z/2011-01-23T19:41:58Z
Version
SPG v14.2.0
Mission Description
Herschel was launched on 14 May 2009! It is the fourth cornerstone mission in the ESA science programme. With a 3.5 m Cassegrain telescope it is the largest space telescope ever launched. It is performing photometry and spectroscopy in approximately the 55-671 µm range, bridging the gap between earlier infrared space missions and groundbased facilities.
European Space Agency, fritz et al., 2011, 'Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda', SPG v14.2.0, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-qxe4vs5
